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Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies
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  • Volume 18 Number 3 – Dec 2020
  • Volume 18 Number 1 – April 2020
  • Volume 18 Number 2 – Sep 2020
  • Volume 17 Number 3 – December 2019
  • Volume 17 Number 2 – August 2019
  • Volume 17 Number 1 – April 2019
  • Volume 16 Number 3 – December 2018
  • Volume 16 Number 2 – September 2018
  • Volume 16 Number 1 – April 2018
  • Volume 15 Number 3 – December 2017
  • Volume 15 Number 2 – October 2017
  • Volume 15 Number 1 – March 2017
  • Volume 14 Number 3 – December 2016
  • Volume 14 Number 2 – August 2016
  • Volume 14 Number 1 – March 2016
  • Volume 13 Number 3 – December 2015
  • Volume 13 Number 2 – October 2015
  • Volume 13 Number 1 – June 2015
  • Volume 12 Number 3 – Dec 2014 / Jan 2015
  • Volume 12 Number 2 – August 2014
  • Volume 12 Number 1 – February 2014
  • Volume 11 Number 4 – November 2013
  • Volume 11 Number 3 – July 2013
  • Volume 11 Number 2 – March 2013
  • Volume 11 Number 1 – March 2013
  • Volume 10 Number 2 – October 2012
  • Volume 10 Number 1 – April 2012
  • Volume 9 Number 2 – November 2011
  • Volume 9 Number 1 – May 2011
  • Volume 8 Number 2 – December 2010
  • Volume 8 Number 1 – August 2010
  • Volume 7 Number 2 – November 2009
  • Volume 7 Number 1 – June 2009
  • Volume 6 Number 2 – December 2008
  • Volume 6 Number 1 – May 2008
  • Volume 5 Number 2 – November 2007
  • Volume 5 Number 1 – May 2007
  • Volume 4 Number 2 – November 2006
  • Volume 4 Number 1 – March 2006
  • Volume 3 Number 2 – October 2005
  • Volume 3 Number 1 – March 2005
  • Volume 2 Number 2 – September 2004
  • Volume 2 Number 1 – March 2004
  • Volume 1 Number 2 – October 2003
  • Volume 1 Number 1 – March 2003

volume 2 number 1

High-Stakes Testing at High Fees: Notes and Queries on the International English Proficiency Assessment Market

Posted on August 6, 2014May 12, 2015 by pthanop

Bill Templer
Lao-American College, Vientiane

Citation information
URL: [post]
author:Bill Templer
Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies
Volume 2, Number 1
ISSN 1740-2743

click here for PDF article

Articles   volume 2 number 1

Policy tensions being played out in practice. The Specialist Schools initiative in England.

Posted on August 6, 2014 by pthanop

Dawn Penney
School of Education, Edith Cowan University, Australia

Citation information
URL: [post]
author:Dawn Penney
Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies
Volume 2, Number 1
ISSN 1740-2743

click here for PDF article

Articles   volume 2 number 1

A Nation at Risk – Reloaded: part II

Posted on August 6, 2014August 6, 2014 by pthanop

David A. Gabbard
East Carolina University College of Education

Citation information
URL: [post]
author:David A. Gabbard
Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies
Volume 2, Number 1
ISSN 1740-2743

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Articles   volume 2 number 1

A New Lord of Education?
World Bank Policy for Peripheral Capitalism
[1]

Posted on August 6, 2014August 6, 2014 by pthanop

Roberto Leher
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Citation information
URL: [post]
author:Roberto Leher
Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies
Volume 2, Number 1
ISSN 1740-2743

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Articles   volume 2 number 1

Inhuman Powers and Terrible Things:
The Theory and Practice of Alienated Labor in Urban Schools

Posted on August 6, 2014May 12, 2015 by pthanop

Kathleen Kesson
School of Eduction, Long Island University

Citation information
URL: [post]
author:Kathleen Kesson
Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies
Volume 2, Number 1
ISSN 1740-2743

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Articles   volume 2 number 1

Education Accountability and Repression of Democracy Post-9/11

Posted on August 6, 2014May 12, 2015 by pthanop

Pauline Lipman
Depaul University

Citation information
URL: [post]
author:Pauline Lipman
Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies
Volume 2, Number 1
ISSN 1740-2743

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Articles   volume 2 number 1

ESSAY REVIEW: A Marxist Critique of Michael Apple’s Neo-Marxist Approach to Educational Reform [1]

Posted on August 6, 2014August 6, 2014 by pthanop

Ramin Farahmandpur
Portland State University

Citation information
URL: [post]
author:Ramin Farahmandpur
Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies
Volume 2, Number 1
ISSN 1740-2743

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Articles   volume 2 number 1

The Public Costs of the Re-structuring of Adult Education:
A Case in Point from Sweden

Posted on August 6, 2014August 6, 2014 by pthanop

Dennis Beach
Göteborg University

Citation information
URL: [post]
author:Dennis Beach
Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies
Volume 2, Number 1
ISSN 1740-2743

click here for PDF article

Articles   volume 2 number 1

Editors

Chief and Founding/ Managing Editor
Prof Dave Hill

Emeritus Professor of Education at Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, England;
Visiting Professor of Education at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Research Fellow of the Research Center of Contemporary China, Wuhan University, Hubei, China

Joint Deputy Editors
Prof Peter McLaren

Chapman University, Orange, California, USA

Dr Polina Chrysochou
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece

Dr Alpesh Maisuria
University of the West of England, Bristol, UK

Dr Spyros Themelis
University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK

Dr Derek Ford
DePauw University, Greencastle, Indiana, USA

Editorial Board
Prof. Hasan Aksoy
Ankara University, Turkey
Prof. Dennis Beach
University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Dr Agnieszka Dziemianowicz-Bak
Educational Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland;
Dr. Gail Edwards
Newcastle University, Newcastle, England
Prof. Pablo Gentili
State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Dr. Tom Griffiths
Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
Dr. Kemal Inal
Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
Dr Ravi Kumar
South Asian University, New Delhi, India
Dr. Curry Malott
West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
Dr. Gregory Martin
University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Dr Zinnia Mevawalla
University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
Dr. Lotar Rasinski
The University of Lower Silesia, Wroclaw, Poland;
Dr. Arturo Rodriguez
Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
Prof. Kostas Skordoulis
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
Bill Templer
independent researcher, Bulgaria
Dr. Paolo Vittoria
University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Dr. Ahmet Yildiz
Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

Administrators
Naomi Hill
Joshua Akehurst, MSc
Hannah Hunt, MSc

Panel of Reviewers / Editorial Advisory Board

Tanja Aaarela - University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland; Dr Parven Akhter - Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, England, UK; Güliz Akkaymak - University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Linda Akomaning - Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, England, UK; Prof Hasan Aksoy - Ankara University, Turkey; Dr Karen Anijar-Appleton - Arizona State University, USA; Henry Asei Kum - University of Strathclyde, Scotland; Dr Wayne Au - California State University, Fullerton, Califonia, USA; Prof James Avis - University of Huddersfield, UK; Erhan Bağcı - Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; Prof Eva Bahovec - University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; Grant Banfield - Flinders University, Australia; Prof Len Barton - London University, Institute of Education, UK; Sezen Bayhan - Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey; Nevzat Samet Baykal - Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; Prof Dennis Beach - University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Dr Chad Becker - Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, USA; Dr Steve Best - University of Texas at El Paso, USA; Katie Beswick - University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Dr Joe Bishop - Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA; Kaia-Marie Bishop - Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA; Prof Xavier Bonal - Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Dr Carmel Borg - University of Malta, Malta; Dr Simon Boxley - King Alfred's College, Winchester, UK; Dr Geoff Bright - Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, England; Prof Jacky Brine - University of the West of England, UK; Sue Butte - Walden University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Prof Joyce Canaan - Birmingham City University, Birmingham, England; Dr Sara Carpenter - University of Toronto, Canada; Dr Paul R. Carr - Université du Québec en Outaouais, Canada; Prof. Hana Cervinkova - University of Lower Silesia, Wroclaw, Poland; Dr Pratyush Chandra - Radical Notes, Delhi, India; Prof Brenda Cherednichenko - Edith Cowan University, WA, Australia; Dr Seehwa Cho - University of St. Thomas, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Polina Chrysochou - Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, England; Prof Mike Cole - Bishop Grosseteste University College Lincoln, UK; Prof Helen Colley - University of Huddersfield, England; Samya Cook - Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, England; Dr Linda Cooper - Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, England; Dr Mark Cresswell - University of Durham, Durham, England, United Kingdom; Dr Gerry Czerniewski - University of East London, London, England; Prof Antonia Darder - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA; Dr Adam Davidson-Harden - Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Dr Geraldine Davis - Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, England; Dr Noah De Lissovoy - University of Texas at San Antonio, USA; Prof Serdar Değirmencioğlu - Cumhuriyet University, Turkey; Gian Carlo Ramos Delgado - Universidad Nacional Aut; Dr Aylin Demirli Yildiz - Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey; Dr Eoin Devereux - University of Limerick, Ireland; Prof Newton Duarte - UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (University of Sao Paulo State) Brazil ; Agnieszka Dziemianowicz-Bak Educational Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland; Cassie Earl - Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, England; Dr Teresa Ebert - University at Albany, SUNY, NY, USA; Dr Gail Edwards - Newcastle University, Newcastle, England; Dr Fuat Ercan - University of Marmara, Turkey; Dr Ramin Farahmandpur - Portland State University, USA; Alison Feist - Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, England; Dr Joseba Fernández - University of the Basque Country; Prof Gustavo Fischman - Arizona State University, USA; Dr Alma Fleet - Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Prof Steve Fleury - Le Moyne College, Syracuse, New York, USA; Derek R. Ford - Syracuse University, New York, USA; Dr Brandon Fox - Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, USA; Dr Nathan Fretwell - Middlesex University, London, England; Miriam Furlan Brighente - Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA; Prof David Gabbard - University of East Carolina, USA; Prof Luis Armando Gandin - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Dr Ayhan Ural Gazi University - Ankara, Turkey; Dr Rosalyn George - Goldsmiths College, University of London; Dr Rich Gibson - San Diego State University, USA; Duygun Gokturk - Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Dr Rebecca Goldstein - Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, USA; Dr Dionysios Gouvias - University of the Aegean, Rhodes, Greece; Nick Grant - Ealing National Union of Teachers, London, UK; Dr Joseph Gravina - University of Malta, Msida, Malta: Prof Andy Green - London University, Institute of Education, UK; Dr Leslee Grey - Queens College, CUNY, New York, USA; Dr Tom Griffiths - University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Prof George Groliios - Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Dr Barrel Gueye - East Stroudsberg University, Pennsylvania, USA; Prof Ilan Gur-Zeev - University of Haifa, Israel; Ali Hachem - Stephen F. Austin State University, Texas, USA; Dr Julia Hall - D'Youville College, Buffalo, USA; Dr Richard Hall - De Montfort University, Leicester, England; Dr Ted Hankin - Volunteer Advice Worker, Nottingham, UK; Prof Kevin Harris - Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Dr Richard Hatcher - University of Central England, UK; Dr Amanda Haynes - University of Limerick, Ireland; Phil Hearse - Editor, International Viewpoint; Naomi Hill - City Westminster College, London, England, UK; Prof Pat Hinchey - Penn State University, Pennsylvania, USA; Dr Mick Hirsch - European Graduate School, Saas-Fee, Switzerland; Prof Janet Holland - South Bank University, London, UK; Dr John Holst - University of St. Thomas, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Dr Donna Houston - McQuarrie University, Sydney, Australia; Prof David Hursh - University of Rochester, NY, USA; Dr Kemal Inal - Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Laura Jaffee - Syracuse University, New York, USA; Dr Nathalia Jaramillo - West Lafayette, Indiana, USA; Dr Lee Jerome - Middlesex University, London, England, UK; Wei Jin, - Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Dr Ken Jones - University of Keele, UK; Sharon Jones - Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford and Cambridge, England, UK; Dr Samy Joshua - University of Provence, France; Dr Jerrold Kachur - University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Dr Richard Kahn - University of North Dakota, USA; Derek Kassem - Liverpool John Moores University, England ; Dr Gianna Katsiampoura - University of Athens, Greece/ National Hellenic Research Foundation; Dr Meral Apak Kaya - Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey; Sona Kazemi - University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Prof Deborah Kelsh - College of Saint Rose, Albany, NY, USA; Prof Leszek Kokzanowicz - SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland; Dr Philip Kovacs - University of Alabama in Huntsville, Alabama, USA; Dr Ravi Kumar - South Asian University, New Delhi, India; Kevin D. Lam - Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA; Dr Tracy Lau - Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Ann Lawless - University of South Australia, SA, Australia; Prof Margaret Ledwith - University of Cumbria, England; Prof Samuel Lee - National Pingtung Teachers College, Taiwan; Dr Pepi Leistyna - The University of Massachusetts Boston, USA; Dr Tyson E. Lewis - Montclair State University, New Jersey, USA; Dr Anastasios Liambas - Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Prof Hsi Nancy Lien - National Hualien Teachers College, Taiwan; Dr Pauline Lipman - University of Illinois at Chicago, USA; Dr Eleni Lithari - Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, England; Prof David W Livingstone - OISE University of Toronto, Canada ; Dr Remy Low - The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia:
Dr Chris Lubienski - University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, USA; Dr Paulette Luff - Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, England; Dr Darren Lund - University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Sheila Macrine - University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, Massachusetts, USA; Vicki Macris - University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Dr Kevin Russel Magill - Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States; Dr Meg Maguire - Kings College, London University, UK; Alpesh Maisuria - University of Northampton, UK; Prof Henry Maitles - University of the West of Scotland; Dr Curry Malott - West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA; Dr Gregory Martin - University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Prof Sandra Mathison - University of British Colombia, Canada; Dr Uvanney Maylor - University of Bedfordshire, UK; Prof Peter Mayo - University of Malta, Malta; Tristan Mccowan - London Institute of Education and University of Northampton, UK; Declan McKenna - University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Radhika Menon - Mata Sundri College, Delhi University, India; Zinnia Mevawalla University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland; Dr Paul Miller - Middlesex University, London, England; Dr Greg Misiaszek - University of Southern California, California, USA; Fatma Mizikaki - Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; Dr Shahrzad Mojab - OISE, University of Toronto, Canada; Dr Lilia D. Monzó - Chapman University, California, USA; Dr Geraldine Mooney- Simmie - University of Limerick, Ireland; Dr Phoebe Moore - Middlesex University, London, UK; Janbee Shaik Mopidevi - Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford and Cambridge, UK: Dr Aura Mor-Sommerfeld - University of Haifa, Israel; Dr Jane Mulderrig - Sheffield University, England; Fernando Murillo - Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Dr Fernando Naiditch - Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, USA; Dr Rajani Naidoo - University of Bath, UK; Dr John Naysmith - University of Portsmouth, England, UK; Dr Maria Nikolakaki - University of the Peloponnesus, Corinth, Greece; Anthony J. Nocella - Syracuse University, New York, USA; Hope Pius Nudzor - University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Caroline Okoumunne - University of Greenwich, England, UK; Olusoga Otelaja - Tai Solarin College of Education, Omu-Ijebu, Nigeria; Ulaş Özer - Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey. ; Gavin Palmer - Gower College Swansea, Wales ; Dr Jo Paraskeva - University of Minho, Portugal; Dr Pedro Patacho - Instituto Superior de Ciências Educativas, Odivelas, Portugal; Dr Periklis Pavlidis - Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Dr Nick Peim - University of Birmingham, UK; Dr Nurit Peled - Hebrew University of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel; Dr Dawn Penney - University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand; Professor Robert Phillipson - Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Dr Jill Pinkney-Pastrana - University of California, Long Beach, USA; Dr Selda Polat - Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey; Dr Brad Porfilio - The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, USA; Dr Dirk Postma - University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dr Martin Power - University of Limerick, Ireland; Dr Scott Poynting - Manchester Metropolitan University, England, UK; Dr Syam Prasad - University of Winchester, Winchester, England; Louise Prendergast - University of Bangor, Wales, United Kingdom; Owein Prendergast - Coleg Menai, Bangor, Wales, United Kingdom; Dr John Preston - University of East London, London, England; Dr Amira Proweller - De Paul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Greg Queen - High School teacher, Warren, Michigan, USA; Dr Richard Race - Roehampton University, London, England; Dr Helen Raduntz - University of South Australia, Australia; Dr Lotar Rasinski - Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland; Prof Diane Reay - Cambridge University, UK; Bernard Regan - National Union of Teachers (England and Wales); Dr Karim Remtulla - OISE, University of Toronto, Canada ; Dr Glory Rigueros Saavedra - University of the South Bank, London; Dr Mashhood Rizvi - Sindh Education Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan; Dr Leena Helavaara Robertson - Middlesex University, London, England; Dr Susan Robertson - Bristol University, UK; Dr Arturo Rodriguez - Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA; Dr Cesar Rosatto - University of Texas at El Paso, Texas, USA; Leif Rosqvist - University of Turku, Finland; Prof E Wayne Ross - University of British Colombia, Canada; Dr Pawel Rudnicki - University of Lower Silesia, Wroclaw, Poland; Prof Emir Sader - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Prof Anil Sadgopal - Former Dean, Faculty of Education, University of Delhii, India; Dr Amrohini Sahay - Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA; Dr Ay Salem - Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, England; Mitja Sardoc - Educational Research Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Dr Daniel Saunders - University of Texas at Arlington, Texas, USA; Dr Fevziye Sayilan - Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; Debra Scarsbrook - Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, England; Dr Valerie Scatamburlo d'Annibale - University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada ; Dr Seçkin Seçkin Özsoy - Ankara University, Turkey; Dr Gaetano Senese - Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA; Janbee Shaik - Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, England; She Shuanghao - Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China Dr Daniel Shugurensky - Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto (OISE/UT), Canada; Katherine Simpson - University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK; Prof Angela Siqueira - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil; Prof Kostas Skordoulis - University of Athens, Greece; Alisson Slider do Nascimento de Paula - Centro Universitário Uninta, Sobral-CE, Brazil; Carol Smith - Bishop Grosseteste University College, Lincoln, England, UK; Dr Heather Smith - Newcastle University, Newcastle, England; Dr Jill Smith - Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, England; Rosi Smith - University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; Dr Geri Smyth - University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland; Dr Marcin Starnawski - University of Lower Silesia, Wroclaw, Poland; Dr Tourouzou Some - State University of New York at Buffalo, NY, USA; Neil Southwell - University of Northampton, England, United Kingdom; Prof Shirley Steinberg - McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Dr Mark Stern - Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, USA; Prof Juha Suoranta - University of Tampere, Finland; Bill Templer - Eastern Bulgaria; Dr Nisha Thapliyal - University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Dr Spyros Themelis - Middlesex University, London, England; Prof Sally Tomlinson - Oxford University, UK; Prof Geoff Troman - Roehampton University, England; Nuray Turkmen - Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; Prof Leyla Işıl Ünal - Ankara University, Turkey; Dr Satu Uusiautti - University of Helsinki, Finland; Dr Meral Uysal - Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; Salim Vally - University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Begona Vigo Arrazola - University of Zaragoza, Spain; Prof Kevin Vinson - University of Arizona, USA; Dr Michael Viola - Antioch University, Seattle, Washington, USA; Josefine Wagner - University of Lower Silesia, Wroclaw, Poland; Gabriela Walker - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Dr Tony Ward - Tony Ward Education, New Zealand; Dr Paul Warmington - University of Birmingham, England; Dr Marcia Watson - Towson University, Maryland, USA; Darren Webb - University of Sheffield, UK; Dr Mark Webb - University of Greenwich, England, UK; Dr Joe Wegwert - North Arizona University, Arizona, USA; Dr Andrew Wilkins - University of East London, London, England; Jo Williams - Victoria University of Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Dr Richard Woolley - University of Worcester, Worcester, England, UK; Dr Jane Wormald - University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, England; Dr Terry Wrigley - Edinburgh University, Scotland; Dr Ahmet Yildiz - Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; Umit Yildiz - Edge Hill University, Liverpool, England; Luo Yogkuan - Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Dr Huseyin Yolcu - Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey;